Focal dystonias are adult-onset forms that affects a specific area of the body. Most focal dystonias are primary (meaning that it is the only neurological symptom and presumed to have a genetic component), though secondary cases are documented. Focal dystonia may affect muscles of the eyes, mouth, vocal cords, neck, hands, and feet. Types of focal dystonia include
Blepharospasm—Affects the eyes
Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis)—Affects neck and shoulders
Oromandibular dystonia (cranial dystonia)—Affects face, mouth, and/or jaw
Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia)—Affects the vocal cords
Hand dystonia (writer’s cramp)—Affects the hands and forearm
